Payment Processing Explained: How to Choose the Right Company and Payment Method

Payment processing is a vital part of both brick-and-mortar retail and e-commerce. Modern technology lets a customer make a purchase, present a payment method, and get that purchase approved almost instantly. Payment processing companies provide and manage this technology.

To choose a payment processor, merchants need to understand how transactions move through the system and what to look for in a processing vendor.

What Are Payment Processing Companies?

Payment processing companies provide the hardware, software, and transaction management that connect merchants, customers, and banks. To keep each transaction secure, they must follow a set of security rules called the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS).

These rules require processors to:

  • Maintain a secure network
  • Protect cardholder data
  • Guard against hackers
  • Restrict access to sensitive information
  • Monitor networks
  • Maintain a formal information security policy

How Does Payment Processing Work?

Payment processing involves several steps to ensure accuracy, regulatory compliance, smooth transactions, and customer satisfaction. It all begins at the point of sale (POS).

Step 1: Authorization

  1. The customer presents payment — for example, by inserting a credit card into the payment device (a card-present transaction) or by entering a credit card number on a website (a card-not-present transaction).
  2. The payment processor manages the device and sends the transaction details to the issuing bank.
  3. The issuing bank accepts or rejects the transaction and sends that status to the merchant's bank, which relays it back to the merchant.

All of this happens in a matter of seconds. But once a sale is authorized and completed, the merchant doesn't yet have the money.

Step 2: Settlement

  1. The issuing bank charges the customer's credit card the transaction amount.
  2. The issuing bank transfers that amount to the merchant's bank, minus its fee.
  3. The merchant's bank then transfers the final proceeds to the merchant.

What Parties Are Involved in Processing a Payment?

Several parties work together to process a single payment:

  • Customer: the person buying an item in a store, on a website, or through an app, who pays with a payment card or an online payment service.
  • Merchant: the company or business selling the product and accepting the payment.
  • Payment Gateway: the secure connection and payment system between the merchant and the payment processor, such as a card terminal or an Application Programming Interface (API) on a website or app.
  • Payment Processor/Payment Service Provider (PSP): the company that provides the payment gateway or interface between customer and merchant. The PSP works with the issuing bank to confirm the customer has enough funds, then approves or rejects the transaction. Sometimes the merchant bank is also the PSP.
  • Issuing Bank: the bank holding the customer's funds.
  • Acquiring or Merchant Bank: the bank managing the merchant's funds.

What Are the Main Components of the Payment Processing Platform?

Beyond the key parties above, the payment processing platform includes several components:

  • A website, app, or retail store where a merchant sells products.
  • A high-speed internet connection through which transactions are conducted.
  • Payment methods, including debit cards, credit cards, e-wallets, online payment apps, or bank transfers.
  • A payment gateway that uses an internet connection and a card terminal or an API to encrypt transaction details and send them to the issuing (customer's) bank. Encryption protects the customer's financial and personal information.
  • A payment processor or service provider that communicates with the issuing bank to confirm the transaction is legitimate and accurate. These PSPs also act as mediators between merchants, customers, payment providers, issuing banks, and merchant banks to keep transactions smooth and the customer experience positive.

What Is the Cost of Processing Payments?

Payment processors and credit card networks charge merchants a percentage of each transaction, plus other fees for the services they provide. Payment processors typically charge a flat monthly service fee plus a terminal lease fee to cover the cost of credit card transaction equipment.

Other common fees include:

  • Chargeback Fee: charged each time a customer returns an item or disputes a charge.
  • Address Verification System (AVS) Fee: a per-transaction fee for matching a customer's billing data with a keyed-in transaction.
  • Hosting Fee and Wireless Access Fee: fees for using server-based and cloud-based POS systems.
  • Minimum Monthly Processing Fee: charged by some processors if a merchant doesn't meet a minimum monthly transaction quota.
  • Payment Gateway Fee: covers the software and data security costs of processing online payments.
  • Batch Fee: charged when closing or settling daily deposits.

In addition, the four major credit card companies — Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover — each charge fees to use their products and services. These include:

  • Assessment fees: ranging from 0.13% to 0.15% per transaction.
  • Interchange fees: which vary by network and change every April and October, ranging from 1.5% to 3.3%.

Merchants must also pay an Acquirer Processing Fee on each Visa transaction, a Network Access and Brand Usage Fee on each Mastercard transaction, and a Fixed Acquirer Network Fee on all cards.

Why Are Payment Processing Companies Important?

Payment processing companies are essential to the retail industry, online and in person. Following PCI standards keeps transactions authentic, accurate, and secure. They also let merchants use one system for all payment types, cutting down on confusion and redundant work.

Many processors integrate with a merchant's accounting and customer relationship management software, saving time and effort at tax time or during marketing campaigns. Together, these advantages lead to satisfied merchants and customers.

How Does the Payment Processing Sector Operate?

The payment processing sector is an ecosystem made up of credit card networks, acquiring banks, issuing banks, payment gateways, payment processors, independent sales organizations (ISOs), and payment facilitators (PayFacs). ISOs sell processing services and act as intermediaries between merchants, acquiring banks, and payment processors. PayFacs use more advanced technology to offer faster onboarding and a simpler fee structure.

What Are the Top Payment Processing Companies?

Beyond banks that serve as payment processors, technology has enabled companies like Amazon, Google, PayPal, Square, Stripe, and Shopify to offer processing options as well.

What to Consider When Choosing a Payment Processor

Merchants need to weigh several key factors when selecting a payment processor. This is a partnership that will directly affect the business's profitability and its ability to serve customers for years to come.

  • Fees: Payment processors charge merchants for the right to use their services and equipment, on top of the fees charged by credit card companies. Merchants should carefully research when and how fees are assessed before choosing a processor.
  • Payment Types: To best serve customers, merchants should choose a payment processor that supports a range of payment types, platforms, and currencies.
  • Add-Ons: Beyond core payment services, processors often offer additional products such as payment gateways, credit card terminals, and point-of-sale terminals, which are needed to transmit payment details between the merchant and the bank. Merchants should weigh the type, cost, and availability of these add-ons.
  • Customer Service: Ideally, a payment processor offers customer support 24 hours a day, seven days a week, so merchants get help wherever and whenever they need it. The processor should be an expert in the payment industry and offer risk management advice, tools for business growth, transaction flexibility, and practical business solutions.

The Future of Payment Processing

As technology keeps evolving, the payment processing industry will grow. New fintech players will enter the market, and adoption of contactless payments and digital wallets will keep increasing. More people will also use cryptocurrency to pay for purchases.

Add to that the growth of peer-to-peer and real-time payments, automated sales systems like kiosks and vending machines, mobile points of sale, and the spread of smart devices and voice assistants — and the future of payment processing looks bright.

Discover Why CARDZ3N is the Right Payment Gateway For You

CARDZ3N is the right payment gateway because we offer a unified approach. With our flexible plans, merchants can accept credit cards in person or online from anywhere in the world, generate detailed financial reports, and improve performance and productivity.

CARDZ3N also delivers true global merchant solutions, so businesses can accept payments securely in markets around the world. We consult with our clients to provide a broad range of solutions for achieving their long-term goals.

Whether you sell online or in a traditional retail store, choosing the right payment processor is one of the most important decisions you can make. At CARDZ3N, we understand that payment processing is complex and different for every merchant. We work with our clients to build a custom solution with no setup fees.

To learn more about how your business can benefit from our services, email us at contact@cardz3n.com or call 702-623-3528.

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